Dipole moment7/30/2023 ![]() ![]() ![]() Here, μ N is the nuclear magneton, a physical constant and standard unit for the magnetic moments of nuclear components. The best available measurement for the value of the magnetic moment of the neutron is μ n = −1.913 042 73(45) μ N. The spin of the neutron is upward in this diagram, but the magnetic field lines at the center of the dipole are downward. Schematic diagram depicting the spin of the neutron as the black arrow and magnetic field lines associated with the neutron's magnetic moment. ![]() The nucleons are composed of three quarks, and the magnetic moments of these elementary particles combine to give the nucleons their magnetic moments. Their magnetic moments were puzzling and defied a valid explanation until the quark model for hadron particles was developed in the 1960s. The nucleons have spin-1/2 ħ, but the neutron has no net charge. For an elementary particle to have an intrinsic magnetic moment, it must have both spin and electric charge. The existence of the neutron's magnetic moment and the large value for the proton magnetic moment indicate the nucleons are not elementary particles. The neutron's magnetic moment is exploited to probe the atomic structure of materials using scattering methods and to manipulate the properties of neutron beams in particle accelerators. The proton's magnetic moment is exploited to make measurements of molecules by proton nuclear magnetic resonance. Luis Alvarez and Felix Bloch made the first accurate, direct measurement of the neutron's magnetic moment in 1940. The proton's magnetic moment, surprisingly large, was directly measured in 1933, while the neutron was determined to have a magnetic moment by indirect methods in the mid 1930s. The nucleons interact with normal matter through either the nuclear force or their magnetic moments, with the charged proton also interacting by the Coulomb force. Their magnetic strengths are measured by their magnetic moments. The nucleus of atoms comprises protons and neutrons, both nucleons that behave as small magnets. The nucleon magnetic moments are the intrinsic magnetic dipole moments of the proton and neutron, symbols μ p and μ n. ![]()
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